Stripped (2019) — US edition · 1275×1650 — MoviePosterDB

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Stripped

Poster · US edition

Stripped

2019 · Jake Helgren

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Original 437 KB · costs 1 credit

File details

Resolution1275×1650 (2.1 MP)

File size0.4 MB

Formatimage/jpeg

Country🇺🇸 US

CategoryPoster

Approved2020-01-01

Downloads0

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